HINTON LAB/Research

What we learn we publish.

Verdant OS gets smarter because every farm in the network contributes labelled plant-state data back to a shared model. The research below is how that brain is built — and most of it is open.

Browse publications VerdantBench on GitHub
What we learn
Publications
34
Datasets
12.4M images
Citations
2,910
Partner institutions
6
/ Labs

Four teams, one model.

Plant Vision Lab

San Francisco · 14 researchers

Foundation models for plant tissue, fruit-set, pest detection. Owns VerdantBench and our internal labelling pipeline.

Closed-Loop Control Lab

Rotterdam · 11 researchers

Multi-objective RL for climate, irrigation and lighting under noisy sensors. Maintains the simulator that ships with every OS release.

Agronomy & Genetics

Singapore · 9 researchers + 4 master agronomists

Cultivar selection, seed-line breeding, post-harvest physiology. Curates the public recipe library.

Open Datasets

Distributed

Releases the network's labelled image and telemetry data on a 6-month delay under CC-BY-NC. 12.4M images shipped to date.

/ Publications

Selected papers, last 18 months.

Mar 2026
NeurIPS 2025

Per-leaf chlorophyll inference from low-cost CMOS sensors using a 14M-parameter ViT

L. Hinton, S. Quan, F. Adesanya, K. Mehta

We show that a small vision transformer, trained on 1.1B labeled plant-state pairs from the Verdant network, predicts SPAD chlorophyll readings to within ±2.1 μg/cm² — outperforming destructive lab assay reference at a fraction of the cost.

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Feb 2026
Nature Plants

Closed-loop nutrient dosing under partial observability: a network-scale field study across 1,420 farms

F. Adesanya, R. Okonkwo, L. Hinton

Twelve months of online experiments demonstrate that a federated Bayesian dosing policy reduces nitrogen overshoot by 41% while improving harvest weight uniformity across the network.

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Nov 2025
ICLR 2025

VerdantBench: an open evaluation suite for crop-vision foundation models

K. Mehta, A. Patel, S. Quan

We release 12.4M labelled images across 47 crops, 9 disease classes, and 14 nutrient states — with a held-out split spanning 80 commercial farms — as a public benchmark for the next generation of plant-vision models.

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Aug 2025
Journal of Cleaner Production

Lifecycle water and energy accounting for distributed hydroponic networks

E. Roos, M. Klein, L. Hinton

A first-of-its-kind LCA across 11 countries places per-kg embodied water at 4.2 L and CO₂e at 0.31 kg for leafy greens grown on the Verdant network, including all upstream energy.

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May 2025
AAAI 2025

Sample-efficient reinforcement learning for greenhouse climate control with delayed reward

S. Quan, T. Chen, L. Hinton

We describe the off-policy actor-critic that runs in production behind Verdant OS climate control, and how a 36-hour reward horizon was made tractable with a learned dynamics model.

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/ Partners

Where the data goes home.

Stanford H2H Initiative
Wageningen University
MIT Media Lab — Open Agriculture
NUS Smart Systems Institute
INRAE
Cornell CALS
/ VISITING RESEARCHERS

Spend a season inside a working closed loop.

We host 6–12 visiting researchers a year across the three labs. Stipend, housing, full network data access, and a real production farm to run experiments on.

Apply for next cohort